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Teknik Iterasi User Persona dalam Penggalian Kebutuhan
Perangkat Lunak Sistem Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
e-ISSN 2774-5155
p-ISSN 2774-5147
Eko Felix Nur Noftianto dan Wahyu Andhyka Kusuma 634
PENDAHULUAN
Pengguna perangkat lunak saat ini memiliki ekspektasi yang tinggi. Pengembang
perangkat lunak pun mengembangkan bermacam-macam cara untuk mengenal
penggunanya sehingga dapat memenuhi ekspektasi mereka. Pemahaman yang mendalam
tentang pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan sistem diperlukan untuk mengembangkan
sistem yang dapat digunakan (Praadita et al., 2021). Mengenal pengguna adalah salah
satu kunci utama agar dapat bersaing di industri ini, oleh karena itu dalam proses
pengembangan perangkat lunak diperlukan penggalian kebutuhan pengguna (Kusuma,
2021).
Elisitasi adalah tahapan awal dari rekayasa kebutuhan perangkat lunak, dalam
kegiatannya praktisi perangkat lunak bekerja dengan pelanggan dan pengguna akhir
sistem untuk mencari tahu mengenai domain aplikasi, layanan apa yang harus disediakan
sistem, kinerja sistem yang diperlukan, kendala perangkat keras dan sebagainya
(Kusuma, 2021).
Perguruan tinggi merupakan salah satu instansi yang bergerak pada bidang
Pendidikan (Hidayat et al., 2019). Agar efisiensi, efektivitas dan tujuan instansi dapat
tercapai, maka diperlukan suatu pengelolaan yang baik dan benar terhadap teknologi
informasi yang terdapat dalam organisasi/instansi (Hidayat et al., 2019). Agar efisiensi
dan efektivitas dapat tercapai, maka diperlukan suatu pengelolaan yang baik dan benar
terhadap teknologi informasi yang terdapat dalam organisasi/instansi (Nugraha et al.,
2018). Salah satu penerapan aplikasi teknologi informasi adalah untuk membantu
melakukan monitoring, evaluasi dan pengambilan keputusan (Rusdi & Trisnawarman,
2018). Aplikasi tersebut mampu mengintegrasikan beragam sumber data, menampilkan
tampilan analisis, dan prediksi terhadap suatu masalah (Rusdi & Trisnawarman, 2018).
Dalam hal ini, kemajuan teknologi informasi organisasi/instansi memengaruhi sistem
manajemen serta memberikan dampak positif terhadap organisasi atau perusahaan
tersebut (Purwanto & Dirgahayu, 2018).
Teknik persona sering digunakan pada saat proses pembuatan PL, pengembang
terlebih dahulu harus mengetahui kebutuhan pengguna agar dapat diimplementasi di
dalam pembuatan PL (Ferreira et al., 2018). Cooper adalah yang pertama menggunakan
Persona untuk mendefinisikan teknik untuk menganalisis pengguna akhir perilaku saat
merancang sistem interaktif (Kolski & Warin, 2018). Cooper meminimalkan keterlibatan
pengguna dalam membangun Persona dan menggunakannya untuk mempromosikan
komunikasi diantara tim pengembangan, kemudian dikembangkan berdasarkan teknik
dengan mendefinisikan metode 23 poin pengamatan dan analisis pengguna masa depan
untuk menghasilkan Persona yang menjadi model deskriptif dari arketipe pengguna
(Kolski & Warin, 2018). Persona adalah pola dasar hipotesis dari pengguna dengan
mengangkat konsep HCI (Sabariah et al., 2019). Kegunaan user persona tercapai jika
proses elisitasi dilakukan dengan benar sesuai dengan konsep elisitasi persyaratan dalam
proses pengembangan perangkat lunak (Sabariah et al., 2019).
Untuk memahami perangkat lunak seperti apa yang dapat digunakan, kita perlu
memahami pengguna yang akan berinteraksi dengan sistem (Haviluddin, 2011). Persona
merupakan teknik HCI, yaitu tahapan untuk mendukung pendekatan dalam karakteristik
pengguna selama proses rekayasa kebutuhan. Persona sendiri penting dalam mendukung
tahapan pada elisitasi karena dengan teknik persona akan didapatkan informasi yang
realistis dan representatif yang mencakup detail fiksi untuk karakteristik pengguna yang
lebih lengkap. Komposisi persona dapat didasarkan pada informasi yang dibayangkan,
fitur demografis dan biografi dari persona yang dimodelkan (Kusuma, 2021).