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Penggunaan Aplikasi Whatsapp untuk Pembelajaran
e-ISSN 2774-5155
p-ISSN 2774-5147
Yudianto
1
dan Budi Murtiyasa
2
831
PENDAHULUAN
Menempuh dunia pendidikan adalah kewajiban seluruh umat manusia di dunia.
Pendidikan memegang peran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia, Negara
Indonesia mencantumkan pentingnya pendidikan dengan UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang
pendidikan yang menjelaskan bahwa dengan adanya pendidikan ini, manusia mampu
memiliki potensi pada dirinya baik itu berbentuk kekuatan spiritual keagamaan tentang
dirinya dengan Tuhan, pengendalian emosi pada diri, pembentukan kepribadian,
menambahnya kecerdasan, mementuk akhlak manusia yang mulia, juga mampu
memberikan berbagai keterampilan hidup yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh manusia agar
mampu hidup dalam kegiatan bermasyarakat dengan beberapa landasan dan aturan yang
sadar dan direncanakan. Pentingnya pendidikan ini selaras dengan apa yang dijelaskan
oleh bahwa pendidikan merupakan sebuah proses interaksi dengan memiliki sifat
mengedukasi dengan tujuan untuk mencapai misi dari pembelajaran tersebut. Saat belajar,
interaksi terebut merupakan suatu sistem yang nantinya akan termuat dalam proses
pembelajaran. Ada beberapa komponen dalam pembelajaran yang saling berinteraksi
diantaranya adalah guru, siswa dan tujuan pembelajaran. Media dan metode yang dipakai,
juga proses evaluasi atau pemberian nilai untuk melihat keberhasilan pembelajaran
terhadap tujuan pembelajaran.
Keberhasilan dari adanya pendidikan ini tidak lain didukung oleh adanya
kerjasama yang baik antara peran guru sebagai pendidik dengan para siswanya. Salah
satu faktor pembantu dari keberhasilan ini juga merupakan pemilihan media
pembelajaran yang tepat. Media pembelajaran akan memberikan pemahaman yang
mendorong dan membantu siswa dalam memahami materi selama proses belajar dan
mengajar. Maka dari itu, pengajar diharuskan memiliki faktor-faktor mendasar yang
nantinya akan menjadi acuan pemilihan media pembelajaran. (Pribadi, 2017) menjelaskan
faktor tersebut berupa Access, Cost, Technology, Interactictivity, Organizational change,
Novelty and Speed. Namun sayangnya, pada masa pandemi seperti ini, dengan adanya
pembatasan sosial berskala besar yang berdampak pada ditutupnya sekolah sehingga
sistem belajar dilakukan secara online (dalam jaringan) maka pengimplementasian
kegiatan belajar dan mengajar menggunakan media pembelajaran tidak dapat dilakukan
secara maksimal.
Maka dari itu, para pengajar atau guru dituntut untuk memutar otak agar kegiatan
belajar dan mengajar dapat dilaksanakan semaksimal mungkin. Pemerintah sebenarnya
memberikan opsi untuk menggunakan sistem daring seperti e-learning, Google
Classroom, penggunaan sistem video call dengan menggunakan Zoom, Google Meet dan
lain sebagainya. Namun, beberapa sistem daring tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasikan
pada setiap sekolah di seluruh Indonesia, dikarenakan kurangnya fasilitas yang siswa atau
para pengajarnya. Seperti kurangnya fasilitas komputer atau laptop, buruknya koneksi
internet, hingga kondisi ekonomi yang tidak memungkinkan menunjang siswa dan
gurunya untuk melakukan proses daring seperti ini. Maka dari itu, beberapa guru
memutuskan untuk menggunakan media sosial berupa WhatsApp untuk berkomunikasi
dan memberikan materi pembelajaran kepada para siswanya.
Penggunaan media sosial WhatsApp ini tidak lain karena penggunaannya yang bisa
hanya melalui telepon seluler yang hampir seluruh individu di seluruh pelosok Indonesia
miliki juga media sosial yang saat ini sudah menjadi bagian hidup dari masyarakat di
dunia, juga penggunaannya yang semakin hari semakin meningkat seiring
berkembangnya inovasi digital saat ini. Selain itu, media sosial saat ini sudah menjadi
suatu kebutuhan pokok digital dimana setiap kegiatan sehari-hari tidak lepas dari
pemakaian teknologi ini. Hal ini selaras dengan (Watie, 2016) yang menjelaskan bahwa