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Analisis Kinerja dan Kepuasan Pelayanan Terhadap
Moda Transportasi Microtrans Jak Lingko (Puri
Kembangan - Kalideres)
Arifin dan Nunung Widyaningsih
PENDAHULUAN
Sistem transportasi adalah formasi transportasi yang terstruktur yang terdiri dari
transportasi jalan, transportasi kereta api, transportasi udara, serta transportasi laut dan
setiap transportasi terdiri dari sarana dan prasarana (Saraev et al., 2020), yang saling
berhubungan dengan dukungan perangkat lunak dan perangkat pikir membentuk suatu
sistem pelayanan jasa transportasi yang efektif dan efisien (Sal, 2019), berfungsi
melayani perpindahan orang atau barang, yang terus berkembang secara dinamis
(Reynaldo, 2018)
Transportasi umum atau transportasi massal mulai diperkenalkan di Jakarta pada
tahun 1970-an dengan nama “mikrolet” di beberapa daerah. ongkos yang dibebankan
kepada penumpang bervariasi tergantung dari seberapa jauh jarak tempuh yang dituju
(Tandirerung et al., 2019). Ciri operasi pelayanan transportasi umum yaitu penumpang
harus menyesuaikan asal dan tujuan (trayek) angkutan (Rambe, 2016), titik asal, tujuan
serta rute yang dilalui tetap dan sangat bergantung dengan trayek yang sudah ditentukan
dalam peraturan (Kilkoda, 2019) dan menghentikan kendaraan umum harus pada tempat
yang telah ditentukan dalam peraturan trayek dan peraturan operator angkutan.
Angkutan pribadi adalah angkutan yang menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, seperti
mobil pribadi, sepeda motor, sepeda, tetapi bisa juga menggunakan bus yang biasanya
digunakan untuk keperluan pribadi. Transportasi dengan menggunakan kendaraan pribadi
biasanya lebih mahal dari transportasi menggunakan angkutan umum karena alasan
efisiensi angkutan umum lebih baik (Wasanta, 2017).
Penggunaan angkutan pribadi bermotor di Indonesia ditandai dengan tanda nomor
kendaraan bermotor yang berlatar belakang hitam dengan tulisan berwarna putih (Redo,
2015) sedangkan angkutan umum menggunakan Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor yang
berlatar belakang kuning dengan tulisan berwarna hitam.
Jakarta sebagai ibu kota negara Indonesia (Harahap, 2013) mempunyai arus lalu
lintas dan mobilitas masyarakat yang tinggi terutama pada saat pagi hari yang merupakan
mulainya suatu aktivitas dan sore hari di saat mengakhiri aktivitasnya menyebabkan
kendaraan-kendaraan tersendat dan juga banyak kendaraan umum yang mengangkut
penumpang melebihi kapasitas yang diizinkan (Salim et al., 2019). Hal ini memerlukan
pelayanan transportasi yang memadai, baik jumlah maupun kemudahannya (Zahra et al.,
2020).
Angkutan umum memiliki peranan penting dalam pembangunan perekonomian
(Simbolon, 2020), untuk menuju keberlanjutan angkutan umum memerlukan penanganan
serius (Salim et al., 2019). Angkutan merupakan elemen penting dalam perekonomian
karena berkaitan dengan distribusi barang (Rini, 2017), jasa dan tenaga kerja, serta
merupakan inti dari pergerakan ekonomi di kota, berbagai bentuk moda angkutan umum
dengan karakteristik (Saputra, 2016) dan tingkat pelayanan yang diberikan mewarnai
perkembangan sistem angkutan umum kota yang seharusnya berorientasi kepada
kenyamanan dan keamanan sehingga dapat bersaing dengan angkutan pribadi
(Tandirerung et al., 2019).
Permasalahan utama transportasi di DKI Jakarta adalah kemacetan (Ahmadi, 2019)
dan ditambah dengan buruknya kualitas pelayanan, keamanan, kenyamanan, keandalan,
kemudahan akses dan efisiensi dari sistem angkutan umum (Kusumawardani, Adawiyah,
Riyanto, & Insriastuti, 2013). Oleh karena itu, mulai 1 Oktober 2018 Pemprov DKI
Jakarta meresmikan ok trip dan bertransformasi menjadi Jak Lingko, Jak Lingko
diprediksi mampu memberikan solusi dari buruknya sistem angkutan umum di DKI