Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and technology fields. The journal is published monthly by CV. Green Publisher Indonesia. This journal publishes research articles covering social sciences (Management, Economics, Culture, Law, Geography, and Education) and technology. Published articles are from critical and comprehensive research, studies or scientific studies on important and current issues or reviews of scientific books. Name : Jurnal sosial dan teknologi E-ISSN : 2774-5155 P-ISSN : 2774-5147 DOI : 10.36418 Period : Monthly Indexing and Abstracting : Ebsco, Google Scholar, Garuda, Dimensions, Crossref and others in progress Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia 1st Issues of Publication: 2021
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Adaptive Sovereignty and Co-Evolutionary Control: State Reconfiguration in Facing Middle Eastern Methamphetamine Networks in the Indian Ocean-Southeast Asia Corridor
This research analyzes the transformation of state sovereignty in responding to co-evolutionary transnational threats, focusing on methamphetamine networks connecting the Middle East and Southeast Asia via the Indian Ocean corridor. Using the framework of Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) and the concept of adaptive sovereignty, this study examined a case study of the uncovering of an international network that smuggled crystal meth in coffins using a drug hardening method, as well as the practice of control delivery that led to the discovery of a methamphetamine laboratory operated by Iranian nationals. This research finds that the state no longer acts as a rigid and territorial entity, but rather as an adaptive actor capable of reconfiguring its control instruments co-evolutionarily alongside the illegal networks it faces. This case demonstrates how the meth-hardening method represents the adaptation of criminal network technology to conventional detection systems, while control delivery shows the state's capacity for policy learning by adopting the network's logic in law enforcement operations. The theoretical implications of these findings indicate that sovereignty in the contemporary era must be understood as an adaptive capacity that continuously evolves through co-evolutionary interactions with transnational actors.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. Nurhadi Yuwono, Effendy Lod Simanjutak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Policy of Education Budget Allocation in Digitalization Policy through Procurement of Technological Devices to Fulfill Children' Constitutional Rights to Legal Literacy at Elementary Education Level
This study aims to analyze the legal politics of education budget allocation within the digitalization policy and its implications for fulfilling children's constitutional rights to legal literacy at the primary education level. Through an examination of the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, the study used a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, and regulations related to state finances. The results indicate that the educational digitalization policy, which focuses on the procurement of technological devices, is not completely aligned with the constitutional mandate, as it tends to neglect strengthening human resource capacity and children's legal literacy. This situation constructs a gap between legal norms and policy implementation, and has implications for children's low legal awareness and an increased risk of legal violations. Therefore, a reconstruction of the legal politics of education is needed through strengthening regulations, reforming budget policies, and integrating legal literacy into the primary education curriculum to ensure the optimal fulfillment of children's constitutional rights
Copyright (c) 2026 Beby Savitri, Evita Isretno Israhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teknologi Tiang Pancang dengan Sepatu Tiang (Broaded Bottom Pile)
Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kondisi geologi vulkanik dan sedimen, sehingga pada banyak wilayah dijumpai lapisan tanah lunak seperti lempung lunak, lanau lunak, dan gambut. Kondisi ini menjadi kendala utama dalam pembangunan infrastruktur jalan, jembatan, dan perumahan karena daya dukung tanah yang rendah dan potensi penurunan (settlement) yang besar. Berbagai metode perbaikan tanah lunak telah dikembangkan, namun masih terkendala biaya tinggi dan waktu pelaksanaan yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan teknologi Broaded Bottom Pile (tiang pancang dengan sepatu) sebagai alternatif solusi perbaikan tanah lunak yang lebih efisien. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis perhitungan daya dukung berdasarkan data penyelidikan tanah BH-2 menggunakan metode α (faktor adhesi) untuk menghitung kapasitas dukung selimut (skin friction) dan kapasitas dukung ujung (end bearing). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi Broaded Bottom Pile mampu mencapai end bearing pada nilai N-SPT sekitar 30, lebih rendah dibandingkan tiang pancang konvensional yang memerlukan N-SPT 50-60, sehingga kedalaman pemancangan dapat dipersingkat dari 20 m menjadi sekitar 10 m. Kapasitas dukung ultimit (Qult) tiang pancang 35/35 cm pada kedalaman 10 m mencapai 120,80 ton dengan kapasitas dukung izin (Qall) 60,40 ton. Penggunaan teknologi ini memberikan penghematan biaya konstruksi hingga 30-50% serta efisiensi waktu pelaksanaan yang signifikan, namun terbatas pada tiang tunggal (single pile) dengan panjang maksimum 20 m. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Broaded Bottom Pile merupakan solusi perbaikan tanah lunak yang lebih ekonomis dan efisien dibandingkan metode konvensional, dengan potensi penerapan yang luas pada berbagai proyek konstruksi di Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karminto, Johansen Pardede, Hotma Harapan Saragih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of The Critical Path Method for Project Scheduling Using Python (Case Study: Construction of The Official Residence for The Commander and Deputy Commander of Company C, Morut Pioneer Battalion, Central Sulawesi Regional Police)
Construction project management quality is the primary goal of every project executor. The Critical Path Method (CPM) enables efficient project scheduling by identifying critical activities and optimizing work sequences. This study aims to schedule the construction of the official residence for the Commander and Deputy Commander of Company C, Morut Pioneer Battalion, Central Sulawesi Regional Police, using CPM integrated with Python programming. Data were collected from project schedule documents comprising 28 activities with an initial planned duration of 180 days. Using CPM analysis with Python's NetworkX library, forward and backward pass calculations were performed to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and total float values for each activity. The results show that the project duration can be optimized from 180 days to 127 days, achieving a time saving of 53 days (29.44%). Activities with a total float value of zero constitute the critical path, while non-critical activities retain scheduling flexibility. This study demonstrates that CPM integrated with Python effectively supports project scheduling decisions, resource allocation, and timeline control in construction project management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Grace C.C. Lohonauman, Steenie E. Wallah, Grace Y. Malingkas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Electronic Land Certificate Holders in The Context of Updating the Digitalbased National Land Law System in Indonesia
In the context of modernizing Indonesia’s digitally based land law system, this study evaluates and reconstructs the legal protection afforded to holders of electronic land certificates. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings demonstrate that although Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 provide a legal foundation for electronic land certificates, the existing legal protection remains suboptimal because of regulatory disharmony, the absence of comprehensive data security standards, and limited infrastructure and public readiness. The study identifies several significant challenges, including the absence of specific regulations governing land data security standards and the vulnerability of electronic systems to cyberthreats. Furthermore, the lack of synchronization between the land law regime and information technology law creates normative ambiguity regarding the evidentiary status of electronic land certificates in judicial proceedings. This study proposes a comprehensive legal reconstruction through regulatory harmonization, the strengthening of digital security systems using technologies such as blockchain and multifactor authentication, and the development of a technology-based legal protection model that guarantees legal certainty and social justice. The proposed reconstruction model encompasses the reform of legal norms, the strengthening of digitally based protection systems, the development of integrated institutions and infrastructure, and the incorporation of fundamental legal values. Accordingly, this model provides a framework for reforming Indonesia’s national land law system to ensure that it remains adaptive and responsive to technological developments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Jeppry Lius, Bambang Soesatyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Victims Against Secondary Victimization in the Examination Stage of Criminal Trials in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the Indonesian legal system in protecting victims from secondary victimization during criminal trials and to formulate a legal reconstruction model oriented towards protecting the dignity of victims. Secondary victimization is the repeated suffering experienced by victims due to interactions with the criminal justice process, such as the repetition of traumatic stories, cornering questions, and insensitive treatment by officers towards the victim's psychological condition. The research method used was normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach, through an analysis of the Criminal Procedure Code, Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, and Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence. The results of the study indicate that weaknesses in victim protection occur in three main aspects: the legal substance that does not regulate operational standards for victim examination, the legal structure that is not supported by the victimology competence of law enforcement officers, and a legal culture that is still influenced by victim blaming and social stigma. The proposed legal reconstruction is implemented through the integration of a victim-centered justice approach into criminal procedural law, through the establishment of victim-friendly examination norms, the development of national procedural standards, the strengthening of the capacity of law enforcement officers through victimology certification, the optimization of the role of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency, and the reform of the legal culture of the judiciary.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Apriyani, Subianta Mandala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Coastal Flow Market: Strategi Perancangan Pasar Ikan Pusong untuk Mengintegrasikan Aktivitas Grosir dan Eceran di Kawasan Pesisir Lhokseumawe
Pasar ikan pesisir memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat, khususnya pada kawasan yang memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap. Namun, Pasar Ikan Pusong di Kota Lhokseumawe menghadapi permasalahan spasial dan fungsional, yaitu aktivitas grosir yang berkembang di luar bangunan pasar sehingga menyebabkan konflik sirkulasi, kemacetan, pemanfaatan ruang yang tidak optimal, serta permasalahan pengelolaan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan aktivitas perdagangan di Pasar Ikan Pusong serta menyusun strategi perancangan yang mampu mengintegrasikan aktivitas grosir dan eceran melalui konsep Coastal Flow Market. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Data dianalisis melalui analisis tapak, aktivitas pengguna, sirkulasi, dan kebutuhan ruang untuk menghasilkan strategi perancangan arsitektur yang terintegrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan utama kawasan terletak pada belum terintegrasinya alur distribusi ikan, aktivitas pedagang, pergerakan pembeli, dan sirkulasi kendaraan. Konsep Coastal Flow Market diterapkan melalui penataan zoning, pemisahan jalur distribusi dan pengunjung, penyediaan loading bay, sistem perdagangan eceran drive-thru, serta pengembangan ruang publik dan area kuliner. Strategi perancangan ini menghasilkan sistem pasar yang lebih tertata, efisien, nyaman, serta mampu memperkuat fungsi Pasar Ikan Pusong sebagai pusat ekonomi pesisir yang berkelanjutan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ovianda Resta, Hendra Aiyub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sistem Presensi Otomatis untuk Gereja dengan Teknologi RFID dan Penyimpanan Data Terstruktur
Gereja Sidang Jemaat Kristus (GSJK) Palangkaraya masih menerapkan sistem presensi manual di mana petugas mencatat kehadiran jemaat saat ibadah berlangsung lalu menginputnya ke sistem secara manual setelah ibadah selesai. Proses ini rentan terhadap kesalahan pencatatan (human error), duplikasi data, serta menyulitkan rekapitulasi secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun sistem presensi otomatis berbasis Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terintegrasi dengan Firebase Realtime Database dan dashboard monitoring berbasis web. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model prototype. Perangkat keras dirancang menggunakan modul RFID RC522, ESP32, LCD 16x2 I2C, dan piezo buzzer. Perangkat lunak terdiri dari firmware ESP32 berbasis C++ dan dashboard web berbasis HTML, CSS, dan JavaScript. Pengujian sistem dilakukan menggunakan metode black box testing pada 48 skenario dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Hasil pengujian validitas kelayakan oleh dosen pakar memperoleh skor rata-rata 4.0 dari 4.0 (Sangat Layak), dan uji penerimaan pengguna (UAT) memperoleh skor 3,93 dari 4,00 (Sangat Layak). Sistem ini berhasil mencatat kehadiran jemaat dalam waktu kurang dari satu detik dengan rata-rata latensi sinkronisasi data ke Firebase sebesar 0,6 detik, serta mengeliminasi entri data manual.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andra Matarisman, Khoirur Rozikin, Toni Wijanarko Adi Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin pada Ibu Nifas untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Asi di Puskesmas Sandai
Masa nifas merupakan periode kritis yang memengaruhi keberhasilan menyusui, terutama dalam pencapaian produksi Air Susu Ibu (ASI) yang optimal. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif sangat ditentukan oleh kelancaran produksi ASI, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkannya, salah satunya melalui pijat oksitosin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu nifas di Puskesmas Sandai. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pendekatan post-test only control group design pada 24 ibu nifas yang dipilih secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi (ibu nifas hari ke-1 hingga ke-10, tidak memiliki kontraindikasi menyusui, dan bersedia menjadi responden) selama Maret hingga Juni 2026. Data produksi ASI diperoleh melalui observasi frekuensi menyusui, lama menyusui, dan pengeluaran ASI setelah pijat oksitosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 responden, sebanyak 20 orang (83,33%) mengalami peningkatan produksi ASI setelah diberikan pijat oksitosin. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu nifas. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan manfaat teoretis bagi pengembangan ilmu kebidanan, khususnya mengenai intervensi non-farmakologis dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI, serta manfaat praktis sebagai masukan bagi tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas untuk menerapkan pijat oksitosin sebagai intervensi rutin dalam pelayanan kebidanan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wanda Safitri, Rosyidah Alfiti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Construction of the Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Corporation Directors in the Distribution of Narcotics Precursor Deviations
The management of narcotics precursors places pharmaceutical corporations in a strategic position, given the legal authority to produce and distribute substances with a high risk of abuse. Law enforcement practices demonstrate that deviations in precursor distribution are often understood as technical violations or the actions of operational-level individuals, while the role of directors as strategic policymakers is rarely addressed by criminal liability. This situation creates a gap between the corporate control structure and the construction of legal accountability applied. This study aims to analyze the accountability practices of pharmaceutical corporation directors in deviations in the distribution of narcotics precursors and to formulate a more accountable and prevention-oriented legal reconstruction. The method used was normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, accompanied by an analysis of the doctrine of corporate criminal liability, fiduciary duty, and corporate governance. The results show that normative weaknesses, the dominance of conventional evidentiary approaches, and excessive protection of business decisions have created room for impunity for directors. The proposed reconstruction positions directors as subjects of structural accountability through the recognition of active and passive responsibility, the use of objective parameters of error, and the affirmation of compliance system failures as the basis for criminal liability. This construction is expected to strengthen the effectiveness of narcotics law enforcement, increase compliance of pharmaceutical corporations, and provide more optimal protection for public health and security interests
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Andika Syam, Faisal Santiago https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening the Principle of Prudence for Notaries in the Preparation of Digital-Based Deeds as an Effort to Renew Notarial Law
This study is purposed to analyze and formulate the strengthening of the notary's prudential principles in the creation of digital-based agreement deeds as part of the reform of notarial law in Indonesia. By examining Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to the UUJN, the Civil Code, and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to the ITE Law, the research method used normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, along with relevant legal doctrines and literature. The results of the study indicate that the application of the notary's prudential principles in the creation of digital deeds still faces various problems, including inconsistencies in norms between the UUJN and the ITE Law, obstacles to online identity verification, the risk of data falsification, and the unclear legal status of digital deeds which have implications for the potential loss of the authentic nature of the deed. This situation has increased the risk of legal liability for notaries and disrupted legal certainty and protection for the parties. Therefore, legal reform is needed through regulatory harmonization, recognition of the cyber notary concept, and the development of technology-based standard operating procedures that include digital identity verification, the use of certified electronic signatures, and the recording of the deed-making process
Copyright (c) 2026 Jimmy Tanal, ⁠Effendy Lod Simanjutak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Efektifitas Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZoSS) Di Kota Manado (Studi Kasus: SDH Holland Village Manado)
Zona Selamat Sekolah (ZoSS) merupakan fasilitas keselamatan lalu lintas yang bertujuan melindungi siswa saat beraktivitas di lingkungan sekolah. Keberadaan ZoSS di jalan arteri utama seringkali menghadapi tantangan akibat tingginya volume lalu lintas dan aktivitas samping jalan yang dapat mengurangi fungsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ruas jalan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan ZoSS dalam menurunkan kecepatan kendaraan di Jalan A.A. Maramis, Manado, dengan studi kasus di SDH Holland Village. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui survei lapangan selama tiga hari untuk mengumpulkan data volume lalu lintas, hambatan samping, dan kecepatan kendaraan. Analisis kinerja jalan mengacu pada Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI) 2023, sementara efektivitas ZoSS diuji menggunakan Two Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan masih beroperasi pada kondisi lalu lintas relatif stabil dengan derajat kejenuhan 0,406-0,878 dan tingkat pelayanan A hingga D. ZoSS terbukti mampu menurunkan kecepatan kendaraan, namun efektivitasnya bersifat parsial, signifikan pada arah Manado-Bandara tetapi tidak signifikan pada arah sebaliknya. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa keberhasilan ZoSS sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepatuhan pengguna jalan dan kondisi arus lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengawasan, pemeliharaan fasilitas, dan edukasi keselamatan yang lebih intensif untuk meningkatkan efektivitas ZoSS.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liani A. Kairupan, Lucia I. R. Lefrandt, Semuel Y. R. Rompis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sistem Pengendalian Level dan Aliran Air Menggunakan Metode Cascade PID pada Modul Latih RT 512 dan RT 522
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja sistem pengendalian level dan aliran air pada Modul Latih RT 512 dan RT 522 menggunakan metode kontrol Cascade PID. Modul latih yang digunakan merupakan perangkat eksperimen sistem kontrol yang terdiri dari plant pengendali level (RT 512) dan plant pengendali aliran (RT 522) yang saling terhubung secara hidrolik. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengambilan data open loop untuk memperoleh kurva respon plant, kemudian pemodelan matematis dalam bentuk fungsi alih First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT), serta perhitungan parameter tuning PID menggunakan metode Cohen-Coon. Parameter PID yang diperoleh untuk loop primer (level) adalah Kp = 0.2196, Ki = 0.0089, dan Kd = 0.8231, sedangkan untuk loop sekunder (aliran) adalah Kp = 0.0861, Ki = 0.0871, dan Kd = 0.1702. Pengujian closed loop dilakukan pada set point 40 cm dengan membandingkan kinerja kontroler single loop PID dan Cascade PID. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontroler Cascade PID menghasilkan respon transien yang lebih cepat dengan rise time 140.5 detik, delay time 75.5 detik, settling time 432.975 detik, dan error steady state 2.5%, dibandingkan single loop PID yang memiliki rise time 271.5 detik, delay time 127.5 detik, settling time 722.464 detik, dan error steady state 5%. Meskipun overshoot pada Cascade PID lebih tinggi (17.5%) dibandingkan single loop (5%), nilai tersebut masih dalam batas toleransi sistem. Analisis kestabilan menggunakan metode Routh-Hurwitz memastikan bahwa sistem closed loop dalam kondisi stabil. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode Cascade PID dengan tuning Cohen-Coon efektif meningkatkan kinerja pengendalian level dan aliran pada sistem dengan dinamika yang berbeda, serta memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi pengembangan sistem kontrol di industri proses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Galih Tejo Bowo Laksono, Dian Figana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Criminalization of Polygamy in Indonesia’s New Penal Code: Perspectives of Legal Certainty and Gender Justice
This study examines the criminalization of polygamy under Indonesia’s new Penal Code, with particular emphasis on legal certainty and gender justice. The study is grounded in the normative tension between criminal law and marriage law in Indonesia, where polygamy remains conditionally permissible under marriage law but may give rise to criminal liability when legal requirements are violated. This research employed a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of legislation, court decisions, and relevant legal scholarship. The findings indicate that the criminalization of polygamy under the new Penal Code still leaves room for legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the distinction between lawful polygamy and punishable conduct. Moreover, from the perspective of gender justice, the current legal framework has not yet provided optimal protection for women and children as vulnerable parties. Therefore, a comprehensive reconstruction of criminal law policy is required in order to establish a more coherent and human rights-oriented legal framework. Such reform is essential to achieving legal certainty and gender justice in the regulation and practice of polygamy in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Johan Pakpahan, Rineke Sara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Legal Arrangements for Governance and Supervision of the Danantara Investment Management Agency in Ensuring Transparency and Preventing the Risk of State Financial Losses
This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the legal arrangements for governance and supervision of the Daya Anagata Nusantara Investment Management Agency (Danantara) to ensure transparency and prevent the risk of state financial losses. The background of this study is based on the emergence of Danantara as a strategic instrument for state investment management that has special characteristics as a quasi-public entity, but is not yet supported by comprehensive and integrated legal regulations. The main problems studied include the unclear legal status of Danantara, the weakness of the governance system based on the principles of good corporate governance, as well as the potential for overlapping authorities due to the inefficiency of the supervisory mechanism involving multiple institutions, including the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), and the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). By analyzing pertinent laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and pertinent ideas, this study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The research results indicate that the current legal system still contains normative weaknesses in the form of regulatory disharmony, legal gaps in accountability, and unclear boundaries between business risks and state losses, as stipulated in Article 1, number 22 of Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning State Treasury. Therefore, legal reconstruction is needed, including strengthening the principles of good governance, a clear separation of the functions of regulator and operator, the establishment of an independent, integrated supervisory system, and the affirmation of legal accountability mechanisms
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhieno Yudhistira, Zudan Arief Fakrulloh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Komite Audit sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan komite audit sebagai variabel moderasi . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari 41 perusahaan manufaktur yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria tertentu.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Moderated Regression Analyza (MRA) yang diolah dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak sedangkan profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak dan mengenai kemampuan komite audit sebagai variabel moderasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa komite audit mampu memoderasi pengaruh leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak sedangkan komite audit tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Copyright (c) 2026 Denia Maharani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Korelasi Temporal Polutan Udara dan Kasus ISPA di Kabupaten Karawang Tahun 2023 Sebagai Dasar Perancangan Sensor IoT Kualitas Udara Lokal
Kabupaten Karawang sebagai salah satu kawasan industri terbesar di Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan kualitas udara akibat tingginya aktivitas industri dan transportasi yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan temporal antara konsentrasi polutan udara dan kasus ISPA di Kabupaten Karawang tahun 2023 serta menentukan parameter polutan prioritas sebagai dasar perancangan sistem sensor Internet of Things (IoT) kualitas udara lokal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-korelatif berbasis data sekunder dengan metode Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). Data polutan diperoleh dari Open-Meteo Air Quality API berbasis model Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), sedangkan data kasus ISPA berasal dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karawang. Analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan preprocessing, agregasi temporal, rekayasa fitur lag, dan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sulfur dioksida (SO₂) dengan efek jeda satu bulan (lag-1) memiliki korelasi paling kuat terhadap kasus ISPA dengan nilai r = 0,635 dan p = 0,036. Selain itu, ozon dan PM₂.₅ juga menunjukkan hubungan positif pada skenario lag-1. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa respons kesehatan terhadap paparan polutan memiliki pola temporal tertentu. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa SO₂, ozon, dan PM₂.₅ merupakan parameter prioritas dalam pengembangan sensor IoT kualitas udara lokal untuk mendukung pemantauan dan mitigasi risiko ISPA di kawasan industri Karawang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahmudah Salwa Gianti, Farah Aulia Kirana, Hanif Aidil Rachman, Muhammad Rifai Ayatulloh, Dewi Indriati Hadi Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Notary Responsibility Arrangements in the Preparation of Digital-Based Authentic Deeds to Ensure Legal Certainty in the Era of Technological Transformation
This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the regulation of notary responsibilities in the creation of digitally authentic deeds to ensure legal certainty in the era of technological transformation. The Civil Code, Notary Law, and Electronic Information and Transactions Law are reviewed as part of the normative juridical research method, which takes a statutory and conceptual approach, and various related legal doctrines. The results indicate that the current legal construction remains conventional and formalistic, thus incapable of accommodating digitally based notarial practices. It creates a legal vacuum, disharmony of laws and regulations, and unclear boundaries of notary responsibilities in the digital space, which impacts legal uncertainty. Therefore, regulatory reconstruction is needed through a redefinition of the concept of electronically authentic deeds, a reformulation of notary authority in cyber notary practice, and an affirmation of notary legal responsibilities in electronic systems. Furthermore, harmonization of notary regulations and electronic transaction law, as well as the establishment of an integrated digital notary system, are strategic steps to achieve legal certainty and legal protection for all parties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Syamsiah Soraya, Rineke Sara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of the Norms on the Authority to Stop and Inspect Vessels by Polairud for Alleged Fisheries Crimes in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone
This study aims to analyze the problematic norms of Polairud's authority in stopping and inspecting vessels for suspected fisheries crimes in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone, identify forms of disharmony in regulations between maritime law enforcement officers, and formulate a norm reconstruction model based on legal certainty and harmonization with international maritime law. The research method used was normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach, through a review of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Law on Police, Fisheries, the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone, Maritime Affairs, and the Criminal Procedure Code. The results of the study indicate that Polairud's authority in stopping and inspecting vessels in the EEZ still faces unclear norms, conflicting authorities, and procedural gaps, particularly related to first action authority, the legality of ship inspections as special searches, the time limit for termination, and the mechanism for handing over cases between institutions. Horizontal disharmony between Polairud, PPNS KKP, TNI AL, and Bakamla, as well as vertical disharmony between KUHAP, Fisheries Law, Maritime Affairs Law, and Article 73 UNCLOS 1982, has implications for weak legal certainty, potential abuse of power, and the risk of international disputes. The novelty of this research lies in the proposed reconstruction of norms based on first action authority that places Polairud as the initial action authority, the establishment of special maritime search procedures, and the development of a lex specialis maritime criminal procedure model within the framework of integrated maritime law enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moch Abdan Salam, Effendy Lod Simanjutak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Penerapan Lean Manufacturing dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Proses Produksi: A Systematic Literature Review
Persaingan industri manufaktur menuntut perusahaan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses produksi melalui pengurangan pemborosan, perbaikan aliran kerja, dan peningkatan kualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan Lean Manufacturing dalam meningkatkan efisiensi proses produksi berdasarkan systematic literature review terhadap artikel-artikel yang relevan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan tahapan identifikasi, seleksi, ekstraksi, dan sintesis literatur. Sebanyak 12 dokumen rujukan dianalisis, 1 artikel duplikat dieliminasi, dan 11 artikel digunakan sebagai sumber sintesis utama. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemborosan dominan dalam proses produksi meliputi defect, waiting, transportation, overproduction, inventory, motion, dan overprocessing. Alat lean yang paling sering digunakan adalah Value Stream Mapping, Process Activity Mapping, 5S, Kaizen, Kanban, SMED, TPM, Fishbone Diagram, DMAIC, dan Lean Six Sigma. Penerapan lean terbukti mampu menurunkan lead time, mengurangi aktivitas non-value added, meningkatkan process cycle efficiency, menurunkan cacat produk, dan meningkatkan produktivitas. Kebaruan artikel ini terletak pada penyusunan sintesis terpadu antara alat lean, indikator efisiensi, jenis pemborosan, dan faktor keberhasilan implementasi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Misbahul Anam, Sarah Margaretta Manik , Muhammad Farhan , M. Dhafa Nur R https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis and Development of A Web-Based Digital Pawn Application and Application Management Information System to Improve Transparency and Efficiency of Collateral Services
Pawn services represent one of the fastest financial solutions for lower-middle-income communities. However, manual and non-transparent appraisal processes often create uncertainty for prospective customers regarding the valuation of pledged assets. This study aimed to design and develop a digital pawn information system that emphasized automated price appraisal features and online pawn applications. The system integrated an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated appraisal engine with a human-in-the-loop approach, in which the system generated objective appraisal recommendations that were subsequently validated by administrators to ensure decision accuracy and accountability. The transparency indicator in this system was implemented by providing customers with a real-time estimated loan value range (minimum and maximum limits) based on measurable asset specifications, thereby reducing subjectivity during the initial assessment process. Key system features included a pawn value estimation calculator, a physical item photo documentation upload form to support remote verification, and a centralized management dashboard for application validation. The research findings are expected to reduce service waiting times compared with conventional methods and provide customers with greater certainty regarding estimated appraisal values before completing physical transactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rayhan Malona Clemens Latuconsina, Mario Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of Passenger Car Equivalency Values Using Time Headway Method and PKJ 2014 at Transmart Kairagi Four-Way Intersection, Manado City
The Transmart Kairagi Four-Way Intersection is one of the signalized intersections in Manado City that frequently experiences congestion and long queues during peak hours. The Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE) values used in intersection performance analyses generally refer to PKJI 2014; however, these values may not accurately represent current traffic conditions. This study aims to compare PCE values obtained using the Time Headway method with those specified in PKJI 2014 and to analyze their effects on intersection performance. Traffic surveys were conducted over three days (Saturday, September 6; Monday, September 8; and Tuesday, September 9, 2025) from 06:00 to 18:00 local time. Traffic volume data were classified into Motorcycles (MC), Light Vehicles (LV), and Heavy Vehicles (HV). The highest traffic volume was recorded on Monday between 17:00 and 18:00, reaching 3,413.6 passenger car units (pcu)/hour. The results indicate significant differences between the PCE values derived from the Time Headway method and those provided in PKJI 2014, which influence intersection capacity and degree of saturation calculations. These findings highlight the need to update PCE values based on actual field conditions to support more accurate traffic planning and operational management in Manado City
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriella Elmalina Tuda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0