Dampak Terapi Lithium Terhadap Perkembangan Neurokognitif Remaja Dengan Gangguan Bipolar: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v6i2.32724Keywords:
Gangguan Bipolar, lithium, neurokognitif, neuroproteksiAbstract
Latar Belakang: Gangguan bipolar merupakan gangguan mood kronis yang sering kali muncul pada masa remaja dan ditandai oleh episode mania, hipomania, serta depresi. Onset pada usia remaja menjadi perhatian khusus dalam perkembangan otak, terutama pada pematangan fungsi eksekutif, memori, perhatian, dan regulasi emosi. Gangguan ini pada usia remaja tidak hanya berdampak pada stabilitas emosional, tetapi juga berpotesi mengganggu perkembangan neurokogitif yang berkelanjutan hingga dewasa. Lithum merupakan terapi lini pertama dalam penatalaksanaan gangguan bipolar termasuk pada populasi remaja. Lithium terbukti efektif menstabilkan suasana hati serta dapat menurunkan risiko kekambuhan dan perilaku bunuh diri. Selain dari efek klinisnya, lithium memiliki sifat neuroprotektif, antara lain melalui peningkatan neurogenesis dan perlindungan terhadap stres oksidatif. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis pada basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Cochrane Library hingga Desember 2025.Studi yang disertakan meliputi uji klinis, studi observasional, dan data dunia nyata yang menilai penggunaan lithiu pada pasien usia remaja dengan gangguan bipolar. Hasil: Tiga studi dianalisis dalam studi ini. Studi yang ditinjau menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lithium pada pasien remaja dengan gangguan bipolar tidak menunjukkan bukti konsisten adanya penurunan fungsi neurokognitif global pada remaja dengan gangguan bipolar. Stabilitas fungsi kognitif dan keuntungan selektif pada domain tertentu, seperti kelancaran verbal pada penggunaan jangka panjang lithium, mendukung hipotesis bahwa lithium memiliki efek neuroprotektif. Kesimpulan: Lithium dalam penggunaanya menunjukkan tidak berkaitan dengan penurunan fungsi neurokognitif secara menyeluruh,dan berpotensi memberikan keuntungan kognitif terbatas dalam jangka panjang. Diperlukan uji klinis multicenter berkualitas tinggi untuk memvalidasi temuan ini dan sebagai panduan dalam praktik klinis ke depan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Cyntia Arum Budi Rustiawati, Nabil Hajar, Harits Hammam Adhadi, Durotul Farida
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